Tourette综合征,也称为Tourette的综合症,是一种神经系统疾病,其特征在于肌肉TICS(重复,非自愿运动)和口头TICS(无法控制的发声)。核心对疾病的公众形象,粗俗的爆发和不合适的语言(技术上被称为Coprolalia-Limelly,“谈论粪便”)实际上在少数案件中发生,可能在少数为15%。典型的抽搐包括眼睛闪烁,非自愿的面部肌肉抽搐,踢,肩膀耸耸肩,频繁的喉咙清洁,并扼杀。
The disorder was first described by French physician Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in a paper published in 1885. The disorder’s cause remains unknown, but the dominant theory concerns a genetic defect resulting in abnormal functioning of at least one neurotransmitter reuptake system in the brain (see Nervous System). This theory is supported by the success of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, a category of antidepressant medications) in treating some cases of Tourette syndrome. Symptoms usually emerge in childhood or adolescence, and Tourette syndrome occurs in three to four times as many boys than girls. For a diagnosis of Tourette syndrome to be made, both verbal tics and multiple motor tics must be present, and they must occur many times a day over a span of at least one year. The most common first symptom is a minor facial tic, such as a mouth twitch or eye blink. The syndrome actually can involve a wide spectrum of symptom patterns, with no typical set of tics, but most cases are considered mild rather than severe.
Tourette综合征和其他TIC疾病很少发生,而是往往与其他问题往往是合并的,包括但不限于抑郁,焦虑症,强迫性疾病,注意事项,以及睡眠障碍,以及睡眠障碍。因此,治疗是复杂的,因此,需要治疗其他疾病的症状。幸运的是,随着TICS综合征的大多数人并不是禁用他们的TICs需要治疗的禁用。在更严重的严重程度,抗抑郁药和抗炎药物(包括Clonidine和Haloperidol)的情况下被广泛用于减少症状。在Tourette综合征是具有ADHD的情况下,甲基酚(RITILIN)也已被使用,但其在TILETTES综合征中的使用是不常见的,因为其性质作为兴奋剂可以加剧TICS而不是减少它们。
参考:
Tourette综合征协会网站,https://www.tourte.org/